ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉ

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ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022.
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉⵜⵓⵎⵣ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ II, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵀⴰⵔⴼⴰⵔⴷ ⵖ ⴱⵓⵙⵟⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉ ⵜⵓⵣⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵏⴽ, ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ
ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⵉⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵚⵕ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⵏⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019 ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵜⴼⵕⵕⵓ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴷⵓⵏⵢⴰ ⵄⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵟⵄⴰⵔⵊⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ , ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ 2008, ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ 2009 ⴰⵔ 2018, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵣⴰⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ 2011

Premier element Désactivé

ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇ

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ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇ ⵉⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵚⵕ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1984, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ 1991, ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏⵜ MBA ENPC-EHTP 2000, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴽⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ 2015, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⴰⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ,ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴷⵉⴷ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ

ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ 1999, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ 2012 ⴰⵔ 2016, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⴱⴹⴰ ⵉⵕⵡⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2012
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵚⵚⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴷⵓⵇⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2012, ⴷ ⵙⴳ 2017 ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ, ⵖⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵇⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⴽⵓⴼⵓⵏⵉⵜ

Premier element Désactivé

ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ

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ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⵖⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵣ Ecole Centrale Paris, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 25 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ (ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵉⵥⵕⴰⴼ, ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵙ)
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵙⴰⵀⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ
ⵖⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵡⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ (CGEM) ⵙⴳ 2014, ⴷ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ (Ecole Centrale Casablanca), ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴳⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ “ⴽⵓ ⵃⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⴼⵓⵟⵏ”
ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2019 ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵖⵉⵜⴰ ⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⵓ

Premier element Désactivé

ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎ

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ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961 ⵖ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵛⵉⵡⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎ ⵖ ⵓⴱⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 1998, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⴳⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ 2000, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵔⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⴳⴳ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ 2008.
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵖⴷⴰⵍ 2004, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵛⴰⵡⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 2005, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴹⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ 2011-2016
ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ 2009-2012
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵏⴰⵄⵉⵎⴰ ⴱⵏⵡⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⴹⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴱⴰⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

Premier element Désactivé

ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕ

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ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1964 ⵖ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵎⵄⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵖ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷⵙⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ- ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⵛ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵎⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ “ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ”
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵟ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵣⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 1997 ⴰⵔ 2008, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2017
ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 15 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵜ

Premier element Désactivé