ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1964 ⵖ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵎⵄⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵖ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⴰⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷⵙⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ- ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⵛ ⵖ ⵜⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵎⴰⴷⵢⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ “ⵓⵍⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ”
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵟ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵜⵣⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ 1997 ⴰⵔ 2008, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ ⵙⴳ 2008 ⴰⵔ 2017
ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵎⴷⵡⵡⵕⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 15 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1971 ⵖ ⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵊⴷⴰ, ⵉⴹⴼⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢ ⵖ ⵍⵉⵍ ⵖ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵉⴳⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵄⵉⵎ ⵍⵎⵃⵉⵙⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵉ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022 ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1968
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⴼ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1996, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010
ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⴳⵉⴳⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵉⴷⵉⵔⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⴰⵙⵙⵉⵟⵉⵢⵏ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⵓⴼⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⴰⵙ 24 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 2022 ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1961
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵏⵔⵉ ⴱⵄⵡⴰⵏⴽⴰⵔⵉ (Henri Poincaré) ⴳ ⵏⴰⵏⵙⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ 1989, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⵓⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵉⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵓⵜ ⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵏⵜ (Ecole Polytech’ Nantes) ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⴼⵕⵕⴰ ⵖ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵙⴷ 1985 ⴰⵔ 1992
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵉⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ
ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵓⵔ ⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴰⴷⴷⴰⴱⵉⵙⵎⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵚⵕ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵉⴳ ⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴰⵏ 16 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ 2014, ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2011 ⴰⵔ 2018